Cytotoxic effects of fractions, isolates, and nanoparticles of soursop leaf (Annona muricata L.) and sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) against human cervical cancer HeLa cells

Authors

  • Okid Parama Astirin Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University, Jalan Ir. Sutami 36A Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
  • Anif Nur Artanti Department of Pharmacy, Vocational College, Sebelas Maret University, Jalan Kolonel Sutarto Nomor 150K Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
  • Elisa Herawati Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University, Jalan Ir. Sutami 36A Surakarta 57126, Indonesia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3162-9261
  • Fitria Arayani Putri Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University, Jalan Ir. Sutami 36A Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
  • Muhammad Fadli Muhyidin Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sebelas Maret University, Jalan Ir. Sutami 36A Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
  • Fea Prihapsara Department of Pharmacy, Vocational College, Sebelas Maret University, Jalan Kolonel Sutarto Nomor 150K Surakarta 57126, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56042/ijnpr.v14i4.5779

Keywords:

Annona muricata L., Caesalpinia sappan L., HeLa cells, Nanoparticle

Abstract

This article compared the effectiveness of fractions, isolates, and nanoparticles form of soursop leaf (Annona muricata L.) and sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) on inducing anti-proliferative and cytotoxic effects on cervical cancer HeLa cells. Nanoparticles were formulated from the chloroform fraction of soursop leaf and the ethyl acetate fraction of sappan wood. The cytotoxic effect of a single dose of fractions, isolates, and nanoparticles was tested using an MTT assay, while the combined dose of nanoparticles was evaluated to determine the synergistic effect. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate cancer cell death through apoptosis and necrosis, along with characterisation of the nanoparticles' morphology and size. The MTT assay results showed that all forms of soursop leaf reduced the viability of HeLa cells (IC50 fraction 7.13 μg/mL, isolate 8.17 μg/mL, nanoparticles 88.98 μg/mL) and sappan wood (IC50 fraction 13.07 μg/mL, isolate 6.9 μg/mL, nanoparticles 82.53 μg/mL). However, the nanoparticle form of soursop leaf and sappan wood showed a higher IC50 value than their fraction and isolate form. Flow cytometry test showed all forms of soursop leaf and sappan wood successfully caused apoptosis and necrosis of HeLa cells. When tested in combined doses, soursop leaf and sappan wood nanoparticles demonstrated a range of antagonistic, additive, and synergistic effects. The synergistic effect is evident at a combination of 1/10 IC50 of each nanoparticle with a combination index value of 0.54.

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Published

2024-01-08