Revitalizing traditional knowledge and mechanization for Capparis decidua (Kair) cultivation in arid zones: A review for sustainable approach to nutrition and livelihood

Abstract

Capparis decidua (Forsk.) Edgew., generally referred to as Kair, is a significant native shrub that can be found growing around barren land regions, wastelands, gochars (local grasslands), orans, and farm boundaries. It has a wide distribution in the land of semi-arid and arid regions of India. This shrub possesses the inherent potential to offer numerous nutritional and health benefits, and enhance the nutritional levels of rural communities. In addition to its numerous advantages and copious stores of vital nutrients, this species is not currently produced for commercial purposes. Unfortunately, compared to other exotic fruit produces, research efforts focusing on value addition for this fruit are significantly lacking. This review comprehensively examines the species' ecological adaptability, botanical and nutritional profile, therapeutic significance, and current cultivation practices. Focus on mechanized harvesting should be given for fruit quality, quantity and timeliness harvesting. To ensure sustainable farming practices in hot arid regions, it is crucial to develop a comprehensive cultivation tools, package and guidelines specifically tailored for this fruit to boost mechanization. The paper also emphasizes integrating traditional knowledge with scientific research to foster sustainable cultivation, enhance rural livelihoods, and ensure ecological restoration. The findings underscore that with focused mechanization, adaptive research, and policy support, C. decidua can emerge as a cornerstone of desert agroforestry, contributing significantly to nutrition, income, and environmental resilience in resource-scarce regions.