Antianxiety and antidepressant potential of Bach flower remedies in acute and chronic stress models of Wistar rats

Abstract

Bach flower remedies (BFRs), a form of complementary therapy, are known for emotional healing properties. However, limited scientific data exists to substantiate their efficacy and mechanism of action in stress-related neurobehavioral conditions. This study evaluates antianxiety and antidepressant effects of BFRs using validated animal models. 48 Wistar rats (180–250 g) of either sex were randomly divided into eight groups (n=6). Acute stress was induced by forced swim test and diazepam (2 mg/kg) used as standard. Chronic stress induced via 1-h daily restraint for 30 days. BFRs (0.5 mL/kg) administered either prophylactically or therapeutically and fluoxetine (10 mg/kg) used as standard. Behavioural assessments included Tail Suspension and Light-Dark Transition Tests. Locomotor activity, body weight, and food intake was recorded. At the end of chronic study, brain dopamine and serotonin levels were estimated. In acute stress model, rats treated with BFRs showed significantly (p<0.001) reduced immobility time and increased exploratory behaviour. Prophylactic and therapeutic administration of BFRs in chronic stress model led to improved body weight, food intake and locomotor activity. Behavioural tests revealed decreased immobility (p<0.01) in the Tail Suspension Test and increased time spent (p<0.001) in light chamber during the Light-Dark Transition Test. Biochemical analysis showed elevated brain serotonin and dopamine levels in BFR-treated groups, comparable to standard fluoxetine group. Bach flower remedies demonstrated promising antianxiety and antidepressant activity in both acute and chronic stress models in Wistar rats. These findings support their potential role as adjunctive therapies in managing stress-related neurobehavioral disorders.