A Comprehensive Review of the Development of Nano-bio Adsorbents for the Separation of Heavy Metals from Wastewater

Abstract

The need for water is growing, and this has made wastewater treatment necessary. The amount of wastewater has grown recently during the last 2-3 decades. Although it requires an expensive material, commercial adsorbent is widely utilized in the industry for the treatment of wastewater. The demand for a method that could successfully and safely remove heavy metal ions from contaminated water. It is imperative to evaluate all potential sources of natural adsorbents with a focus on high capacity of adsorption at a reasonable cost. Despite financial limitations, cost-effective and efficient methods must be provided to control the wastewater treatment process. Adsorption is generally used because of its adaptability in both design and operation, reversibility, and affordability. However, it seems that choosing the right and eco-friendly adsorbents for heavy metal removal is becoming ever more important. This review makes an effort to give a thorough overview of various modified adsorbents, and their efficiency. The nano-biomaterial has demonstrated remarkable attention for the reduction of these heavy metals from wastewater. The development of low-cost substitutes that were economically viable for the treatment of various types of wastewater has been the major goal of this review paper.