Low-Cost Adsorbents and Nanomaterials for Removal of Heavy Metals from Contaminated Water: Review

Abstract

Worldwide concern has been raised about the contamination of heavy metals and their harmful impacts on both environment and human health. Numerous technologies have been changing throughout time to address this issue. Among the most practical and economical techniques, adsorption is still used to treat wastewater that is contaminated with heavy metals. From a review of the literature, numerous adsorbents' and their adsorption abilities were evaluated. In addition to that creating novel adsorbents such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and nanocomposites for the elimination of heavy metals from polluted water was focused. Although the expense of regeneration is significant, there are numerous commercial, industrial, and environmental advantages to reducing the use of fresh adsorbent. This review makes an effort to give a thorough overview of various modified adsorbents, their efficiency, and nanotechnology based strategies for separating contaminants from wastewater that have been studied. Future perspective and heavy metal removal opportunities were disused in the manuscript. Additionally, it is implied that nanomaterials and nanocomposites have demonstrated remarkable attention for the reduction of these heavy metals.