Journal of Indian Association for Environmental Management (JIAEM)

Cyanobacteria and Marine Environmental Research: A Descriptive and Network Analysis of Global Publication Trends

Meenakshee Pandey — Thu, 25 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0530

Global studies on cyanobacteria and their link to marine ecology and pollution are thoroughly examined in this piece. Examining 620 Scopus database papers, the study looks at publication trends, top nations, major journals, and subject areas. The research notes a notable rise in studies since 2017, therefore underlining rising scientific interest in cyanobacterial blooms and marine environment pollution. Through keyword analysis, it also finds emerging themes, citations performance, and worldwide partnerships. The article seeks to lead future research, promote multidisciplinary collaborations, and advocate for legislation for marine environmental health.

Development in Bacteriology and Bacteria Detection Techniques with Special Reference to Marine Bacteria

Vijay W Lande — Thu, 25 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0530

The review article is about the different groups of bacteria those are present in nature and perform important physiological and biochemical functions as survival strategy and functional diversity upon energy substrate. As bacterial families depending on nutrients using cultural methods for growth and division, biochemical characterizations have been used for identification of bacteria are described in earlier editions of Bergey’s manual of determinative bacteriology. Further certain bacteria as phototrophic, heterotrophic, and pathogens have distinguished functional roles in habitats, recycling and diseases are described based on group identification are described in this review in table form. Biochemical tests are applied to bacterial culture to know the characteristics of species. Nevertheless now days genetic base 16S RNA, DNA base sequences characterization using polymerase chain reactions, G + C base ratio, and other recent advanced methods and technologies are used in phylogenetic classification which quickly provide results to the researchers. Genetic sequences is directed to transcribe RNA to code and translate and produced small amount of protein in all bacteria and specific Infectious factor (toxin) in pathogens. Moreover identification needs advanced methods and techniques for quantitative and qualitative determination of bacteria have to be conducted from field samples which are viable but nonculturable bacteria (VBNC) using Microscopic observations and Image-analysis, Epifluorimetry-Image analysis, Gene probes Polymerase chain reaction, Monoclonal antibodies, Biosensors and Laser cytometry.

Breaking the Cycle of Hazard: Protecting the Environment Through Sustainable Chemical Disposal

Fakeha Mohammed Rehan Shaikh, Ashish Sambhaji Uzgare — Thu, 25 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0530

Proper, safe, and eco-friendly disposal of chemical toxic waste is essential for protecting human health, conserving the environment, and promoting a more sustainable future. With the growth of industrialization and urbanization, the management of hazardous waste becomes progressively more complicated, demanding effective strategies to mitigate its harmful impact. The safe and responsible disposal of hazardous chemicals in research labs, academic institutions, industries and healthcare facilities is crucial to preventing risks to both public health and ecosystems. Proper disposal practices for substances like those used in electrophoresis and microbial waste are essential to avoid contamination and prevent the spread of pathogens and harmful materials. Similarly, the careful management and disposal of solvent chemicals in laboratories and biomedical waste in healthcare settings help mitigate long-term environmental and public health threats. It is also crucial to encourage collaboration among industries, governmental bodies, and waste management experts to ensure that best practices are followed globally, promoting consistency and effective waste management policies. This paper examines various safe disposal techniques, emphasizing the importance of minimization of toxic waste. It highlights the need for a comprehensive approach to toxic chemical disposal that minimizes pollution, protects ecosystems, and ensures long-term environmental well-being.

Water Quality Assessment of Jonha’s Waterfall Ranchi, Jharkhand Using Multivariate Statistical Technique

Pintu Das, Abhijit Chatterjee — Thu, 25 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0530

The Jonha waterfall in Ranchi, Jharkhand, has become significantly contaminated due to tourism and human activity. The availability of high-quality drinking water and wastewater treatment is determined by the findings of the water quality examination. This study explores the physico-chemical and microbacteriological properties of water from Jonha's waterfall in Ranchi, Jharkhand, India. Water samples were taken from the waterfall's upstream and downstream regions for research purposes. The physico-chemical and microbacteriological parameters were investigated using Indian Standards methods (IS 3025). The results are compared to the Bureau of Indian Standards' current list of acceptable values (BIS-2012). Several statistical matrices were utilized to estimate the water quality. Numerous hydrological factors were evaluated to determine the water quality of Jonha's waterfall, with some falling below and others exceeding the permissible threshold. The obtained results help to preserve the quality of the water reservoir while also demonstrating the feasibility of managing inefficient extraction structures

Comparative Analysis of Water Quality and Attributable Risk in Villages Receiving Piped and Non-piped Water Supply in Western India

Thu, 25 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0530

Sustainable provision of safe drinking water is necessary for rural development. In India, about 62% of villages receive a piped water supply, and the rest rely on unimproved, non-piped alternatives. The reliance on a non-piped water supply is mainly due to limited accessibility and affordability. The potability of the water received through non-piped alternatives cannot be guaranteed. Thus, it is important to quantify the health risks associated with a non-piped water supply. This study aimed to compare the performance of rural water supply in the villages receiving piped and non-piped water supply modes to understand challenges in rural water supply. Accordingly, critical sanitation factors and water quality data were collected and analyzed. The study results show that microbiological contamination is present in both types of supply modes because of multiple contributing factors. It was evidenced that villages with poorly maintained supply systems or operationally flawed systems had to rely on non-piped means of water supply despite having a piped water supply network. The study also highlights the need for an integrated approach to improve water supplies in rural areas, including environmental, socio-economic, and ethical perspectives.

Carbon Footprint Analysis of Sugarcane Syrup Derived Ethanol Production in an Indian Distillery

Thu, 25 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0530

This study presents a cradle-to-gate assessment of the carbon footprint (CFP) of an ethanol distillery utilizing sugarcane syrup (70° Brix) as the primary feedstock. The evaluation encompasses greenhouse gas emissions from cultivation, fermentation, distillation, dehydration, and associated operations. The total CFP was estimated at 4.42 kg CO₂eq per liter of ethanol including biogenic carbon, and 1.48 kg CO₂eq/L when excluded. The incineration boiler—used to combust concentrated spent wash and bagasse—emerged as the largest emission source (2.18 kg CO₂eq/L). Fermentation contributed 0.755 kg CO₂eq/L, primarily from biogenic CO₂, while sugarcane cultivation accounted for 0.7 kg CO₂eq/L, based on an emission factor of 55 kg CO₂eq per ton of cane. Additional emissions were associated with electricity use in distillation (0.0375 kg), molecular sieve dehydration (0.0101 kg), multi-effect evaporation (0.5487 kg), and CO₂ capture operations (0.0934 kg CO₂eq/L). Transport-related emissions remained below 0.01 kg CO₂eq/L. The study identifies emission hotspots and proposes mitigation strategies including the adoption of hybrid pumping systems, renewable energy integration, and CO₂ valorization. These findings contribute to the development of carbon intensity benchmarks and support India’s ethanol sector in achieving decarbonization goals in line with Sustainable Development Goal 7, particularly targets 7.2 (renewable energy share) and 7.3 (energy efficiency). The results further underscore ethanol’s potential as a scalable and economically viable clean energy alternative within India’s transition framework.

Charcoal-Based Effluent Pre-Treatment Strategy for the Solvent Production Plant of a Heavy Water Plant

Shine Jude Hamilton Antony, M. Srinivas, S. Sukumar, G. Venkatesu — Thu, 25 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0530

This paper explores the application of activated charcoal adsorption for treating effluents generated from the Solvent Production Plant (SPP) at the Heavy Water Plant (HWP) in Tuticorin, India. The effluents, which contain organic solvents and hypersaline sodium or potassium chloride, present a significant challenge in terms of environmental compliance, specifically with the Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board's (TNPCB) prescribed limits for Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). The research methods in chemical effluent treatments were technically cumbersome, unsustainable and not-ecofriendly since it needs multiple precipitations using dangerous chemicals to attain prescribed pollution control board limits and generates substantial solid waste. To address these limitations, this study investigates the feasibility of charcoal adsorption as an alternative treatment method. The charcoal column setup, utilizing activated charcoal with a large surface area and a well-distributed pore structure, demonstrated a notable reduction in organic impurities, particularly in COD levels. Results show a significant decrease in COD, although the treated effluent still did not fully meet the TNPCB requirements. The study also explores the regeneration potential of activated charcoal using a 3% HCl solution, which proved effective for reusing the charcoal. Linear regression and correlation coefficient analyses indicated a strong relationship between the volume of effluent and reductions in COD and Total Organic Carbon (TOC), emphasizing the potential of this method for large-scale industrial applications. This research suggests that activated charcoal adsorption could serve as an effective pre-treatment method for integrating a more comprehensive Effluent Treatment System (ETS) at HWP Tuticorin.

Evaluation of Ferric-chloride (FeCl3) precipitation Effluent Treatment method in the reduction of organics pollutants from the effluent of Solvent Production Plant (SPP) of a Heavy Water project (HWP)

Shine Jude Hamilton Antony, M. Srinivas, S. Sukumar, G. Venkatesu — Thu, 25 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0530

The Nuclear Organic Solvents are used in varied activities of Department of Atomic Energy in front end and back end of closed nuclear fuel cycle processes of Indian Nuclear Power program. These solvents are being synthesized in various units of heavy water plants. The effluent generated is composed of hypersaline Sodium Chloride (NaCl) or Potassium Chloride (KCl) with organic contaminants. The Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) parameter which reflects the organic impurities exhibits the values up to 27,000 ppm and didn’t fall under the prescribed limit of Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), India. The effluent treatment method based on FeCl₃ was successful in reducing the COD to the level of 550 ppm and the pH level to prescribed limit but the other parameter measurements exceeded to certain extent than CPCB Industrial wastewater discharge limits. The main objective of the research is to analyze the effectiveness and potentiality of FeCl₃ precipitation method to treat the Solvent Production Plant (SPP) effluents in relevant to the statutory limit of CPCB. The physicochemical characteristics study of effluent before and after treatment initiated the water quality assessment of effective effluent management. This analysis leads to address the complexities of the ferric chloride precipitation method and the requirement of developing an alternative eco-friendly and energy efficient effluent treatment system with simplified treatment processes for sustainable operations in future.