Insights into the biometry and life-history traits of Goldband goatfish (Upeneus moluccensis) for sustainable management in the northwest coast of India

Abstract

The sex ratio, biometric analysis, and life-history traits of 606 individuals (10.5 – 22.5 cm TL) of Upeneus moluccensis (Bleeker, 1855) were studied from September 2022 to August 2023 along Veraval fishing harbour, Gujarat, particularly in a geographic region where such information was previously scarce. The mean sex ratio (1F:1.03M) was found to be insignificant (p > 0.05; χ² test). Morphometric characteristics indicated significant (p < 0.05, univariate ANOVA) disparity between male and female specimens. Morphometric analyses and indices suggested a low coefficient of variation (< 16 %) and a restricted distribution of the species. Standard length and fork length showed a high growth rate and maximum correlation among different morphometric features for both sexes. The b value of length-weight relationships revealed hyperallometric growth (b > 3; p < 0.05, t-test), indicating that the fish become heavier as they grow. The near unity relative condition factor (K_n ≈ 1) and higher Fulton condition factor (K_F > 1.20) for both males and females suggested favourable growth conditions. Body condition, reflected by a higher percentage of lean fish, suggested October to December as the peak spawning period. Size-based estimates recommend a harvest size limit range of 13.3 – 16.3 cm for the species. The detailed biometric and life-history information provided in this study can facilitate conservation, management, and sustainable utilisation of this species in the study area.