Evaluation of atherogenic risk indices and vascular changes following Coriandrum sativum L. Root extract treatment in hyperlipidemic rabbits

Hypolipidemic and vascular protective effect of coriandrum sativum root Extract in hyperlipidemic rabbits

Abstract

Hyperlipidemia is a foremost global health concern. It contributes significantly to cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis. Imbalances in the cholesterol pool lead to dyslipidemia, which further intensifies vascular pathology. Natural plant-based therapies are gaining attention as safer alternatives to conventional lipid-lowering drugs. The root of Coriandrum sativum remains underexplored for its potential antiathersclerotic effect. Present study investigated the effect of Coriandrum sativum L. root extract on cholesterol-induced hyperlipidemia in rabbits, with particular focus on atherogenic indices and vascular planimetry. Hyperlipdemia was caused through oral dose of cholesterol powder (500mg/kg.b.wt./day) and high-fat diet, followed by 45 days of treatment with either 70% ethanol root extract of C. sativum (Gr.III) or Atorvastatin (Gr.IV). Serum lipid profiles, liver and kidney function tests, and other biochemical markers were measured. Atherogenic indices (AI, CRI-I, II & AC) were calculated, and aortic sections were analyzed planimetrically. Treatment with the root extract improved lipid profiles, lowered atherogenic indices, and sustained biochemical markers within normal ranges. Planimetric analysis showed a noticeable reduction in plaque formation compared to the standard drug. These results indicate that C. sativum root extract has significant antihyperlipidemic and anti-atherosclerotic properties, emphasizing its potential as a natural therapeutic agent for regulating dyslipidemia and precluding atherosclerosis.