Outcomes of wuhan, alpha, delta, omicron and other variants in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2

Abstract

COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 whose mutation has been a cause of concern in the fight against this pandemic. Here, we investigated the clinical outcomes of the mutations of the SARS-Cov-2 virus for a retrospectvie period of April 2020 to January 2022. Patients with negative PCR test results and without pneumonia were excluded from the study. A total of 675 patients' ages, genders, comorbidities, mutations, vaccines, laboratory parameters, treatments, oxygen supports, need for Intensive-care, hospital stay, and mortality rates were analyzed. Statistical analysis of data was done with the Chi-square test. The mean age of patients was 61.0±1.21 years. The gender composition was 50.9% males and 49.1% females. Patients age group composition was >60 (52.5%), 41-60 (36.7%) and 20-40 (10.8%) respectively. SARS-CoV-2 variants were alpha, delta, omicron, and others (beta, gamma, eta, teta, zeta). The rate of comorbidities was 48.1%. About 65.3% of the patients were unvaccinated and 24% two-doses vaccinated. With regard to oxygen support, 28% had reservoir mask, 13.5% nasal cannula, 4.3% CPAP, 1.4% HFOT and intubation, 34.3%. The mean of hospital stay was 9.5±0.57 days. The rate of admission to the ıntensive-care units was 62.1%. The mortality rate was 32%. Variants Omicron, Alpha, and others were most common among 20-40, 41-60 and >60 age groups, respectively. Omicron was more often in females than males. Wuhan type was associated with comorbidities while Omicron showed no comorbidities. Omicron and Delta were more common in completely vaccinated whereas unvaccinated patients had Wuhan type. Patients with Wuhan and Delta types had Sepsis, and Wuhan and Alpha patients had dialysis. Intubations were more common in Wuhan and Delta variants. Patients with Omicron variant had shortest hospital stay. Wuhan, Delta and other variants (beta, gamma, eta, teta, zeta) showed comparatively high mortality.