Peepal (Ficus Religiosa) leaf extract mediated green synthesis of Lanthanum and Cerium oxide nanoparticles: Characterization and potential biological applications

Abstract

The Present study describes the synthesis of Lanthanum and Cerium oxide (La₂O₃ and CeO₂) nanoparticles (NPs) based on eco-friendly approach using a Ficus Religiosa leaves extract. The synthesized NPs were characterized using various analytical techniques, including UV-Visible, FTIR and PXRD. The surface morphology and shape of the NPs were determined using advanced imaging techniques such as Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and High-Resolution Transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) revealing that the NPs indicated predominantly spherical and rod-like shapes. Additionally, the surface area covered by NPs was calculated using BET analysis and it shows an increment from a value of 7.243 m² g^-1 to 45.144 m² g^-1 and peak pore volume increases from 0.0743 cm³ g^-1 to 0.1904 cm³ g^-1. The antibacterial study of NPs was evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria showing significant activity. Finally, the hemolytic and antioxidant activity of NPs was assessed and illustrates their efficacy suggesting their potential applications.