Systematic review on nine hallmarks of neurodegenerative disease

Authors

  • Dhinakaran Veeman 1Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Chennai Institute of Technology, Chennai-600 069, Tamil Nadu, India
  • Duraisami Dhamodharan 2Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Jeonnam-59626, Republic of Korea
  • GJ Surendhar 1Centre for Additive Manufacturing, Chennai Institute of Technology, Chennai-600 069, Tamil Nadu, India
  • L Natrayan 3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, SIMATS, Chennai-602 105, Tamil Nadu, India
  • B Stalin 4Department of Mechanical Engineering, Anna University, Regional Campus Madurai, Madurai-625 019, Tamil Nadu, India
  • Shanmugam Ramaswamy 5TIFAC, CORE-HD, Department of Pharmacognosy, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Ooty-643 001, Tamil Nadu, India
  • Leta Tesfaye Jule 6Department of Physics, College of Natural and Computational Science; 7Centre for Excellence-Indigenous Knowledge, Innovative Technology Transfer and Entrepreneurship, College of Engineering and Technology, Dambi Dollo University, Ethiopia
  • R Krishnaraj 7Centre for Excellence-Indigenous Knowledge, Innovative Technology Transfer and Entrepreneurship; & 8Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Technology, Dambi Dollo University, Ethiopia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.56042/ijbb.v59i3.58756

Keywords:

Alzheimer's disease, Amyloid-beta, dysfunction in mitochondria, Parkinson's disease

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the primary diseases in neurodegenerative diseases. Nowadays, AD is common in one of the ten individuals whose age is more than 65, and its prevalence is kept on increasing with aging. Very few treatments and no effective treatments are available for curing neurodegenerative diseases. Pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and their association with the nine hallmarks of aging were clearly described in this review. Instability in genomic, attrition in telomere, alterations in epigenetics, proteostasis loss, dysfunction in mitochondria, senescence in cells, sensing of deregulated nutrition, exhaustion of stem cells, and alterations in intercellular communication are the nine biological hallmarks of Aging. Improving the medical facilities for neurodegenerative diseases is very much essential. Doctors and researchers are doing surplus research to overcome the unavailability of proper treatments for such neurodegenerative diseases. Reason and the causes behind the diseases and their effects are explained in this review to enhance the further research to help the society.

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Published

2023-06-20

Issue

Vol. 59 No. 3: March 2022

Section

Review

How to Cite

Systematic review on nine hallmarks of neurodegenerative disease. (2023). Indian Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics (IJBB), 59(3), 249-257. https://doi.org/10.56042/ijbb.v59i3.58756

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