The effect of exothermic reaction associated with activation energy in hydromagnetic convection heat transfer flow of Water based (MoS2 – SiO2 / H2O) hybrid nanofluid through a cylindrical annulus with variable viscosity: Darcy-forchheimer model

Abstract

The growing need for effective thermal management in industrial processes, renewable energy systems, and advanced cooling technologies has intensified the search for high-performance heat transfer fluids. Hybrid nanofluids, formed by combining different nanoparticles, present a promising approach as they significantly improve heat and mass transfer characteristics compared to conventional fluids. This article explores the effects of exothermic chemical reaction associated with activation energy, viscosity of variable in hydro-magnetic non-Darcy convection heat transfer flow of water base (MoS₂+SiO₂) hybrid in cylindrical annulus. The governing non-linear together equations were executed by employing Galarkin’s finite-element method with QIF (Quadratic Interpolation Functions) and u (velocity), q (temperature) and C (nano-concentration) profiles be demonstrated graphically. It is found that rate of heat transfer (Nu) grows at inner cylinder and decays at outer cylinder with the decreasing values of f/ Ec/ B/ E₁ in both nanofluids. An uplift in reaction rate (Q₁) reduces (t,Nu and Sh) in hybrid and increases in mono nanofluids at both the cylinders. The variations of Nu and Sh for different parameters show that Nu and Sh in hybrid-nanofluid are relatively greater than those in mono nanofluid. These findings yield important insights for optimization of thermal systems, contributing to enhanced energy efficiency and reduced operational costs across diverse engineering applications