Understanding Refusals in India's Geographical Indications: Trends, Challenges and Insights

Abstract

This paper examines the reasons behind Geographical Indication (GI) application refusals in India, analyzing legal, procedural, and regional factors. By comparing rejected and approved applications, it identifies key gaps in documentation, geographical linkage, and applicant capacity. The study highlights how these challenges disproportionately affect grassroots producers and cooperatives. It also reflects on the divergence between India’s heritage-focused GI approach and the commercially driven European model. Drawing on these insights, the paper offers policy recommendations aligned with the Draft National GI Policy to strengthen support systems, simplify procedures, and enhance inclusivity in the GI registration process.