Hybrid Nanofluid Flow for Mixed Convection along a Vertical Sheet in Presence of Porous Media with Heat Source, Variable Temperature, and Thermal Radiation

Abstract

The study of a hybrid nanofluid flowing in a mixed convection along a vertical sheet in the presence of porous media with heat source, variable temperature, and thermal radiation is examined. By the similarity transformation, the governing equations are transformed into non-dimensional differential equations and solved with the help of the shooting technique using the Runge-Kutta method. The physical significance of the contributive parameters through graphs and tables are presented by the bvp4c solver in Matlab software and found that an increase in the heat source, thermal radiation, and mixed convection increases the fluid velocity of the hybrid nanofluid. The inclusion of variable temperature boundary conditions leads to a decrease in fluid velocity and temperature with the involvement of the particle concentration.