Indigenous Development of Acoustic Sounder (SODAR) in India as an Upgraded Technology for Environmental Protection: A Review

Abstract

Sound Detection and Ranging (SODAR) has moved to the forefront of consumer technology due to the pressing need to engage the Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) in environmental protection. An active ground-based remote sensing system (SODAR) is used to determine the lower-atmosphere wind profile and temperature structure. SODAR can detect turbulence parameters in the ABL from a distance and can be used for wind profiling. SODAR, with its significantly enhanced capability, is expected to be a futuristic remote sensing device with several uses in the near future. Including an emphasis on its applications and current developments, this article examines SODAR's early history, with a review of Indian studies. The article examines past breakthroughs in SODAR as well as its advancement and applications, with an emphasis on India due to the worldwide nature of SODAR research. Additionally, the article discusses how effective SODAR is in protecting the environment and how important it is going forward. After summarising the applications, various opportunities and barriers incurred in SODAR use, a proposed review article to provide insights into previously understudied, unstudied, and studied research work accomplished on SODAR in India is constructed. The article accentuates the role of SODAR as an environmental safeguarding tool.