Characterization of dry Graphite MWCNT hybrid ECG electrodes and the role of biocompatible surfactants fabrication additive on the bio-signal responses

Abstract

This study involves fabrication of a ‘dry’ electrocardiography (ECG) surface electrode using multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and graphite as solid base substrate. Unlike traditional disposable ‘wet’ gelled Ag/AgCl ECG surface electrodes, which can be uncomfortable and irritating due to their metal-based composition, the proposed electrodes are reusable, non-discomforting, and suitable for long-term cardiac monitoring. Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique was utilised to fabricate the Graphite MWCNT hybrid ECG (GCHE) electrodes. To reduce the possible toxicity of dispersants, biocompatible surfactants were employed to disperse the MWCNT on to graphite base material. Analysis was performed to determine the electrochemical properties by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) method and ECG responses for bio-signalling properties. The hybrid structure of electrode ensured signal conductivity, reduced artifacts, and allowed stable bio-signal acquisition. Being all-carbon based ECG surface electrodes offers low toxicity & skin irritation, presenting a promising solution for long-term ECG monitoring and wear ability in healthcare system.