Buoyancy-driven unsteady Flow of Casson-Williamson Fluid through a Vertical Stretching Sheet with Cross-diffusion Effect

Abstract

This article proclaims Casson-Williamson fluid's buoyancy assisting and opposing flow through a vertical stretching sheet. The flow is intended to be two-dimensional, unsteady, and laminar by examining the viscous dissipation, Joule heating, and cross-diffusion effects. Further, this study is performed under thermal radiation, Brownian motion, and thermophoresis effects. The mathematical model is developed by considering the combined characteristics of the Casson and Williamson fluid model.  Developed mathematical model is simplified using competent similarity variables, and the acquired system of an ordinary differential equation is operated with BVP Midrich method. Finally, graphical results are produced for momentum, thermal, and mass profile in both buoyancy assisting and buoyancy opposing flow cases. Impact of all emerging variables on local skin friction coefficient, Nusselt, and Sherwood numbers is illustrated through numerical data in table format.