Analysing the Charge Distribution and Transmission of Carbon and Oxygen in Nitrogen Gas using Tandem Accelerators

Abstract

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of ion beam transmission and charge state distribution in a tandem accelerator, focusing on the effects of caesium temperature, terminal voltage, and stripper gas pressure. Negative ions (12C^1- and 16O^1-) were accelerated and stripped of electrons, resulting in a beam of positive ions having distinct charge states. The energy of these ions was governed by their charge state and terminal voltage (V_T ). In transmission of incoming carbon and oxygen ions (12C^1- and 16O^1-), which exhibits a maximum with pressure in non-equilibrium region, stripper gas pressure is discovered to have a more intriguing influence than charge state distribution. Our results demonstrate that optimal transmission is achieved within a stripper gas pressure range of 50–70%. At low pressures, we observe non-equilibrium charge state behavior, while at higher pressures, our data quantitatively agree with Schiwietz et al.’s empirical model for equilibrium average charge. These findings provide valuable insights for the observed transmission of carbon and oxygen ions behaviour through the tandem accelerator.