Electrification and its influence on trip rates and vehicle choice in urban freight - Case study of Delhi

Abstract

The rapid electrification of goods vehicles in India, particularly in urban centers like Delhi, is transforming last-mile freight dynamics. This study analyzes the impact of electrification on trip rates and vehicle choice within Delhi’s urban freight sector. Using Parivahan registration data, trip rates from the trip generation study, and vehicle count surveys, we examine the shift from traditional light commercial vehicles (LCVs) toward electric goods three-wheelers (3WTs). The findings reveal a significant rise in 3WT registrations and trip frequencies, alongside a relative decline in LCV usage. The project sales of 3WT segment shows a steady rise from around 12,500 in 2025 to over 20,000 units by 2030, while the sales of LGV decline to 11,000 by 2030. Key drivers of this modal shift include operational advantages, less restriction on EV’s entry timings, and supportive government policies promoting electric vehicle adoption. These insights highlight the changing nature of freight mobility in Indian cities and suggest strategies to further support sustainable urban logistics.