Current practices for the management of sludge generated from common effluent treatment plants - A review

Abstract

Sludge management in common effluent treatment plants (CETPs) is a highly complex, difficult and expensive task that, if done incorrectly, might jeopardies the environment and sanitary advantages expected in the treatment systems. The sludge generated from the CETPs may contain hazardous waste that poses substantial or potential threats to public health and the environment. Hazardous wastes are frequently dumped directly into the environment in many developing and underdeveloped nations, which puts human health and the ecosystem at risk. The processing, managing and disposal of hazardous sludge is a major challenge in this technological era and it is very crucial to pick a sludge treatment and disposal system that is both practical and affordable from a technological & environmental standpoint. This review article discusses the current practices of hazardous sludge management, collection & transportation, recycling and reuse and various treatment techniques.