Synthesis and properties of SWCNT- and MWCNT-reinforced PIR and PUR foam composites

Abstract

Using small amounts of single-walled (SWCNTs) and multi-walled (MWCNTs) carbon nanotubes (CNT) (0.005 to 0.1%), rigid closed-cell composite polyurethane (PUR) and polyurethane-polyisocyanurate (PIR) foams have been synthesized. The effect of these additives on the morphological, physical-mechanical and thermophysical characteristics of the obtained materials is studied. Based on the data obtained, the addition of small amounts (up to 0.05%) of nanotubes into the foam composition leads to an increased degree of order in the cellular structure of PUR and PIR foams, improving their main thermophysical and physical-mechanical properties. The addition of CNTs leads to a slight decrease in the foams apparent density. In particular, the significant decrease in the average size and increase in cell density are observed. Such a change in the cellular structure leads to an increase in the polymer compressive strength and a decrease in its thermal conductivity. In the case of composite PIR foams, a decrease in damage by mass of the polymer during combustion is noticed.