Green one-pot synthesis of cerium oxide nanoparticles utilising Colocasia esculenta stalk extract: An approach to antibacterial activities

Abstract

Cerium oxide (CeO₂) nanoparticles have been synthesised (NPs) via the sol-gel method. Colocasia esculenta (C. esculenta) stalk extract is employed as a green reducing and capping agent during the production. The different precursor concentrations (0.06–0.30 mol/L) are examined to prepare the NPs which exhibited an absorption band at 216 nm. Using X-ray diffraction technique, the average crystallite size of synthesised CeO₂ is found to be 6.44 nm. Transmission electron microscopy images revealed that the NPs are spherical. High-intensity peaks corresponding to cerium (Ce) and oxygen (O) during energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy assessments, confirm CeO₂ NPs production. The Fourier-transform infrared evaluations also indicated Ce-O stretching and the absence of O-N-O bending in the NPs. Furthermore, the findings demonstrated that the synthesised CeO₂ NPs exhibited susceptibility against all bacteria, except Bacillus subtilis.