A Study on the Spatio-Temporal Variation of Physico-Chemical Parameters, Water Quality Index, and Pearson Correlation Coefficient in Hub Lake, Mysuru

Abstract

The present study investigates the spatio-temporal variations in the physico-chemical characteristics and overall water quality of Hub Lake, Vajamangala, Mysuru, during the months of April, May, and June 2024. Water samples were collected from four different sites and analysed for eleven key parameters including pH, temperature, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), calcium, chloride, carbon dioxide, alkalinity, biological oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) using standard analytical procedures. The Water Quality Index (WQI) was computed to assess the suitability of the lake water for domestic purposes, while Pearson correlation analysis and PCA were employed to evaluate interrelationships among the parameters. Results revealed notable seasonal fluctuations, with most parameters showing elevated values during summer (April–May) due to increased evaporation, organic decomposition and reduced water levels. WQI values ranged from poor to very poor, indicating significant deviation from natural water quality and suggesting that the water is unsuitable for drinking without treatment. Correlation analysis demonstrated strong positive associations among parameters such as EC, chloride, calcium, carbon dioxide and BOD, highlighting their combined influence on water quality deterioration. Overall, the study emphasizes the need for continuous monitoring and management interventions to improve and protect the ecological health of Hub Lake.